【摘要】 目的 研究宽叶大戟的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱层析法、sephadex lh20凝胶柱层析法,对宽叶大戟全草体积分数95%乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取部分进行分离,根据理化性质和波谱数据确定各化合物的结构。结果 分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为:三十二烷酸(1)、蒲公英醇(2)、α波甾醇(3)、羽扇豆醇(4)、β谷甾醇(5)、白桦酸(6)、齐墩果酸(7)和桦木醇(8)。结论 化合物1-4为首次从宽叶大戟中分离得到。
【关键词】 宽叶大戟;化学成分;提取;分离;结构鉴定
abstract:objective to investigate the chemical constituents from euphorbia latifolia. methods the constituents of chcl3soluble portion of 95% ethanol extract were isolated and purified by repeated chromatographies with silica and sephadex lh20. compounds were identified by their physical characteristics and spectral features. results eight compounds were isolated and identified respectively as lacceroic acid(1),taraxasterol(2),αspinasterol(3),lupeol(4),βsitosterol(5),betulinic acid(6),oleanolic acid(7) and betulin(8). conclusion compounds 1-4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
key words:euphorbia latifolia; chemical constituents; extraction;isolation; structural identification
宽叶大戟(euphorbia latifolia meyer ex ledeb.)为大戟科大戟属多年生草本植物。Www.11665.cOm产于新疆伊犁、塔城至哈巴河,生于海拔1 000~1 500 m的河谷、草甸、林缘及灌丛,主要分布于中亚和西伯利亚[1]。张雷红等[2~4]从宽叶大戟中分离得到了三萜、黄酮等成分。本研究从宽叶大戟体积分数95%乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取部分分离得到了8个化合物,分别鉴定为三十二烷酸(1)、蒲公英醇(2)、α波甾醇(3)、羽扇豆醇(4)、β谷甾醇(5)、白桦酸(6)、齐墩果酸(7)和桦木醇(8)。其中化合物1-4为首次从宽叶大戟中分离得到。
1 仪器、试剂与药材
宽叶大戟药材于2007年7月采自新疆阿尔泰地区,经 中国 医学 科学 院药用植物研究所李国强副研究员鉴定为euphorbia latifolia meyer ex ledeb.。 fisherjohns型显微熔点仪(温度未校正),perkinelmer 241旋光仪,perkinelmer 983g 红外光谱仪,autospecultimaetof质谱仪,inova500核磁共振仪。柱色谱硅胶、薄层色谱硅胶板(青岛海洋化工厂),sephadex lh20(pharmacia公司),其余试剂均为分析纯。
2 提取与分离
取宽叶大戟全草8.2 kg,粉碎,以体积分数95%乙醇提取3次,每次2 h,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩得乙醇浸膏。浸膏加适量水成混悬液,依次用石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇萃取,浓缩得5个不同极性部分。三氯甲烷萃取物经反复硅胶柱层析和sephadex lh20凝胶柱层析得化合物1(15 mg)、2(8 mg)、3(9 mg)、4(14 mg)、5(25 mg)、6(12 mg)、7(20 mg)、8(10 mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物1:白色粉末,mp 73~75 ℃。eims m/z(%): 480 (m+),一系列失去14 amu的碎片离子峰,129(51),111 (20),97 (38),85 (42),73 (66),60 (40),57 (89),44 (100)。经与 文献 [5]对照,鉴定为三十二烷酸。
化合物2:无色针晶,mp 190~193 ℃,libermannburchard 反应呈阳性。ir νmax (kbr): 3 400,2 910,
2 850,1 630,1 450,1 380,1 040,880。eims m/z (%):426 (m+,70),408 (15),357 (10),249 (20),218 (90),207 (100),204 (20),189 (90),121 (25)。1hnmr (cdcl3,500 mhz) δ:4.43 (1h,m,h3 ),4.6l (2h,m,h21),0.80-1.20之间有7个甲基信号。与对照品比较,混合熔点不下降,tlc检测rf值一致。根据以上数据及文献[6]鉴定为蒲公英醇。
化合物3:无色针晶,mp 154~156 ℃。eims m/z (%): 412 (m+,66),397 (m+ch3,16),369 (m+ch3co,21),351 (5),300 (19),271 (失去侧链,100),255 (36),246 (21),231 (13),229 (21),213 (14),81 (76),69 (40)。1hnmr (cdcl3,500 mhz) δ: 5.17 (1h,m,h7),5.15 (1h,dd,j=15.0,9.0 hz,h22),5.03 (1h,dd,j=15.0,8.5 hz,h23),3.58 (1h,m,h3),1.02 (3h,d,j=9.5 hz,h21),0.85 (3h,d,j=6.5 hz,h26),0.820.80 (3h×3,h19,27,29),0.55 (3h,s,h18); 13cnmr(cdcl3,125 mhz) δ: 37.2 (c1),31.5 (c2),71.2 (c3),38.1 (c4),40.3 (c5),29.7 (c6),117.5 (c7),139.6 (c8),49.5 (c9),34.3 (c10),21.6 (c11),39.5 (c12),43.3 (c13),55.2 (c14),23.0 (c15),28.5 (c16),56.0 (c17),12.1 (c18),13.0 (c19),40.8 (c20),21.4 (c21),138.2 (c22),129.5 (c23),51.3 (c24),31.9 (c25),21.1 (c26),19.0 (c27),25.4 (c28),12.2 (c29)。根据以上数据并与文献[7]比较,鉴定为α波甾醇。
4:无色针晶,mp 178~180 ℃。eims m/z (%): 426 [m]+,426 (65),411 (16),408 (21),393 (8),383 (3),218 (45),207 (47),203 (35),189 (57),175 (23),147 (25),135 (50); 1hnmr (cdcl3,500 mhz) δ: 4.68 (1h,d,j=3.0 hz,h30a),4.56 (1h,d,j=3.0 hz,h30b),3.20 (1h,dd,j=12.0,5.0hz,h3),1.68 (3h,s,29ch3),1.03,0.96,0.94,0.82,0.78,0.76 (各3h,s,23,24,25,26,27,28ch3); 13cnmr (cdcl3,125 mhz) δ: 38.7 (c1),27.4 (c2),79.0 (c3),38.8 (c4),55.3 (c5),18.3 (c6),34.3 (c7),40.8 (c8),50.4 (c9),37.1 (c10),20.9 (c11),25.1 (c12),38.0 (c13),42.8 (c14),27.4 (c15),35.6 (c16),43.0 (c17),48.0 (c18),48.3 (c19),150.9 (c20),29.8 (c21),40.0 (c22),27.9 (c23),15.4 (c24),16.1 (c25),15.9 (c26),14.5 (c27),18.0 (c28),19.3 (c29),109.3 (c30)。根据以上数据及文献[8]鉴定为羽扇豆醇。
化合物5:无色针晶,mp 134~136 ℃。eims m/z:414 [m]+,396,330,329,273,255。经与对照品比较,混合熔点不下降,tlc检测rf值一致,证明两者为同一化合物,鉴定为β谷甾醇。
化合物6:无色针晶,mp 256~258 ℃。eims m/z (%): 456 (m+,31),438 (12),410 (8),395 (5),248 (33),220 (21),207 (32),189 (40),175 (55),161 (52),145 (44 ),133(100),123 (71),109 (79),94 (60),77 (73),57 (76); 1hnmr (c5d5n,500 mhz) δ: 4.93 (1h,br s,h30a),4.76 (1h,br s,h30b),3.53 (1h,m,h3),3.44 (1h,br t,j=7.0 hz,h19),2.75 (2h,m,h2),2.23 (2h,t, j=5.0 hz,h16),0.81,1.00,1.05,1.06,1.21,1.78 (各3h,s,6个角甲基); 13cnmr (c5d5n,125 mhz) δ: 39.5 (c1),28.3 (c2),78.1 (c3),39.3 (c4),55.9 (c5),18.8 (c6),34.8 (c7),41.1 (c8),50.9 (c9),37.5 (c10),21.2 (c11),26.1 (c12),38.6 (c13),42.8 (c14),31.2 (c15),32.8 (c16),56.6 (c17),49.7 (c18),47.7 (c19),151.3 (c20),30.2 (c21),37.6 (c22),28.6 (c23),16.3 (c24),16.4 (c25),16.4 (c26),14.9 (c27),178.8 (c28),19.4 (c29),109.9 (c30)。根据以上数据及 文献 [3]鉴定为白桦酸。
化合物7:白色粉末,mp 178~180 ℃。eims m/z (%): 456 (m+,9),248 (28),297 (31),203 (100),189 (17) ; 1hnmr (c5d5n,500 mhz) δ: 5.72 (1h,br s,h11),3.45 (1h,m,h3),0.89,0.94,1.00,1.02,1.05,1.22,1.24 (各3h,s,7 个角甲基); 13cnmr (c5d5n,125 mhz)δ: 38.5 (c1),27.7 (c2),77.7 (c3),38.7 (c4),55.4 (c5),18.4 (c6),32.5 (c7),39.1 (c8),47.7 (c9),36.9 (c10),23.4 (c11),122.6 (c12),144.4 (c13),41.6 (c14),27.7 (c15),23.2 (c16),46.3 (c17),40.7 (c18),46.1 (c19),30.7 (c20),33.8 (c21),32.5 (c22),27.9 (c23),15.3 (c24),15.1 (c25),17.1 (c26),25.8 (c27),179.8 (c28),32.9 (c29),23.4 (c30)。与对照品比较,混合熔点不下降,tlc检测rf值一致,再根据文献[3]鉴定为齐墩果酸。
化合物8:白色粉末,mp 253~255 ℃。1hnmr (cdcl3,500 mhz) δ: 0.77 (3h,s),0.84 (3h,s),0.99 (3h,s),1.27 (3h,s),1.69 (3h,s),3.18 (1h,dd,j=11.0,5.1 hz,h3),3.79 (1h,d,j=10.9 hz,h28a),3.34 (1h,d, j=10.9 hz,h28b),4.69 (1h,d,j=2.1 hz,h30a),4.59 (1h,d,j=2.1 hz,h30b); 13cnmr (cdcl3,125 mhz) δ: 38.7 (c1),27.4 (c2),79.0 (c3),38.9 (c4),55.3 (c5),18.3 (c6),34.2 (c7),41.0 (c8),50.4 (c9),37.2 (c10),20.8 (c11),25.2 (c12),37.3 (c13),42.7 (c14),29.2 (c15),25.2 (c16),40.9 (c17),48.8 (c18),47.8 (c19),150.5 (c20),29.8 (c21),34.2 (c22),28.0 (c23),15.3 (c24),16.0 (c25),16.1 (c26),14.8 (c27),60.6 (c28),19.1 (c29),110.0 (c30)。根据以上数据及文献[3]鉴定为桦木醇。
【 参考 文献】
[1]