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定语从句题考法大揭密

原文作者:于晓燕

 在复合句中作定语、修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词;引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词that, which, who (whom, whose)和关系副词when, where, why。弄清楚什么是先行词以及关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分,是解题的关键。
   一、考查关系代词that引导的
  定语从句
  关系代词that既可指人也可指物,可以代替who,whom和which。that在定语从句中可作主语或谓语动词的宾语,还可作表语。作宾语、表语时可省略。例如:
   1. do you like music _______ makes you relaxed?
  a. it b. what c. who d. that
  【解析】 先行词music指物,要填的引导词在从句中作主语,关系代词要用that,选d。
  2. —the village _______ i visited last year has changed a lot.
  —really? i hope to go there one day.
  a. that b. who c. when
  【解析】 先行词the village指物,要填的引导词在从句中作visited的宾语,所以关系代词用that,选a。
  3. my father is no longer the man that he was.
  我的爸爸已经不是过去的样子了。www.11665.cOm
  【解析】 关系词that在从句中作表语。
  二、考查关系代词which引导的定语从句
  关系代词which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或谓语动词的宾语,作宾语时常可省略。例如:
  1. this is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library.
  a. where b. which c. who d. when
  【解析】 先行词school指物,要填的引导词在从句中充当主语,因此关系代词用which,选b。
  2. —have you found the information about the famous people _______ you can use for the report?
   —not yet. i’ll search some on the internet.
  a. who b. what c. whom d. which
  【解析】 the information about the famous people意思是“关于著名人物的信息”,先行词information指物,要填的引导词在从句中作 use的宾语,因此用关系代词which引导定语从句,选d。
   3. —what are you looking for?
  —i’m looking for the pen _______ i bought yesterday.
  a. who b. which c. whose
  【解析】 先行词the pen指物,要填的引导词在从句中作宾语,因此该空要用关系代词which引导定语从句,选b。 [论文网]
  【温馨提示】
  先行词指物且在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,通常情况下,关系词既可用that,也可用which。但在下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导。
   (1) 当先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing等或被某些不定代词修饰时;
  (2) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时;
  (3) 当先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时;
  (4) 当主句以there be开头时;
  (5) 当先行词前面有the very,the only,the same等修饰语时。
  1. there are lots of things _______ i need to prepare before the trip.
  a. who b. that
  c. whom d. whose
  【解析】 先行词things指物,要填的引导词在从句中作宾语,只能用that,选b。
  2. i’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places _______ you can visit during the winter holidays.
   a. where b. which
  c. what d. that
  【解析】 先行词places被形容词最高级the most interesting 修饰,要填的引导词在从句中作宾语,因此该空只能选用关系代词that,选d。
   三、考查关系代词who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
  关系代词who指人,在从句中作主语;whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可以省略;先行词在从句中作宾语时,whom可用who代替,如果关系词whom紧跟在介词后,只能用whom;whose既可指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。例如:
   1. do you know the girl _______ is singing in the classroom?

  纵观近几年的中考英语试题,交际用语一直是考查的热点和重点。本文将交际用语的常见考点作以下归纳分析:
  考查热点一: 表示感谢和应答感谢的用语
  ( )1. —thank you for lending me a novel.
  — .
  a. not at all b. here you are
  c. fine, thank you d. thanks
  【解析】根据语境,此题应选a,而不能受汉语习惯的影响误选b、c、d。
  常用表示“感谢”的用语有thank you (very much). / thanks a lot. / thanks for ...。表示“应答”的用语有it’s a pleasure. / my pleasure. / not at all. / that’s all right. / you’re welcome.
   考查热点二:

祝愿、祝贺和应答用语
  ( )1. —
  —thank you.
  a. shall i close the door?
  b. you have a beautiful voice!
  c. no smoking here.
  d. would you like to go with me to the supermarket?
  ( )2. —congratulations to you on passing the maths exam.
  —
  a. you’re welcome. b. never mind.
  c. don’t mention it. d. thanks a lot.
  ( )3. —your english is quite good.
  —
  a. no, my english is still poor.
  b. i don’t think so.
  c. do you really think so?
  d. thank you.
  【解析】 1. b 2. d 3. d
  常用的“祝愿、祝贺”交际用语有good luck!/ best wishes to you. / have a nice (good) time. / congratulations!/ happy new year!/ merry christmas!/ happy birthday to you. “应答”语有thank you. / the same to you.等
   考查热点三: 打电话的惯用语
  ( )1. —hello, may i speak to ken?
  —
  a. yes, please.
  b. hold on, please.
  c. who are you?
  d. yes, i’m ken.
  ( )2. —hello! could i speak to mr. smith?
  — please call back later.
  a. wait a minute.
  b. hold on for a moment.
  c. speaking.
  d. sorry, he isn’t in.
  【解析】 1. b 2. d
  “找某人接电话”常说could i speak to ...? 或may i speak to ...? 询问对方是谁常说who’s that?或is that ...? 应答要说this is ...或this is ... speaking. 常用的打电话用语有hello! may i speak to...? / hold on, please. he / she isn’t here right now. can i take a message for you? / i’m calling to tell / ask you ...
   考查热点四: 劝告和建议的交际用语
  ( )1. —shall we go to see a film tonight?
  —
  a. thank you.
  b. that’s a good idea.
  c. it’s very kind of you.
  d. i have no time.
  ( )2. —don’t step on the grass next time, mike.
  —
  a. is that so? b. don’t worry.
  c. i don’t know. d. sorry, i won’t.
  ( )3. —let’s chat online.
  —
  a. not at all. b. thank you.
  c. good luck. d. good idea.
  ( )4. —shall we have a drink when you finish your talk?
  —
  a. no, you can’t.
  b. all right.
  c. you’re welcome.
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