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叹为观止:世界九大最壮观瀑布

原文作者:佚名

 这个星球上的各个角落都隐藏着瀑布:有些飞流直下,有些则在石缝里嬉戏跳荡;有些穿梭在冰川之间,有些则在地底深处默默滋润着焦渴的土地。每一道瀑布都有属于它的独特魅力,那么,如何选出世界上最壮观的瀑布呢?
   瀑布专家迪恩·戈斯(dean goss)和布赖恩·斯旺(bryan swan)用量化的方法设计出一套运算法则,当中涉及瀑布本身的水量、高度、垂直落差以及布局,从而列出了一个“世界百大瀑布排行榜”,并最终成书出版。以下是小编从这个排行榜上挑选出来的心头好,其中一些瀑布你一定耳熟能详,比如尼亚加拉大瀑布;但肯定有一些瀑布是你闻所未闻的。一起来看看世界上最具美感的瀑布吧。
   victoria falls
  zambia / zimbabwe
  one mile wide, victoria falls forms the planet’s largest curtain of falling water-but that’s not the only reason it ranks among the seven natural wonders of the world. during the rainy season, from march to july, water plunges[投入] with such force that the spray[水沫] bouncing back upward can be seen for miles around. and when there’s a full moon during these months, on fortuitous[偶然的] nights, it is one of the only spots on earth that creates rarely seen moonbows注1.
   维多利亚瀑布
  (赞比亚/津巴布韦)
  维多利亚瀑布的宽度达一英里(1.6千米),形成了地球上最大的水幕——但这并不是它名列世界七大自然奇迹之一的唯一原因。wWw.11665.CoM在三月到七月的雨季,流水以极大的力量直冲而下,溅起的水雾在几英里开外都能看到。雨季期间的月圆之夜,你偶尔还能看到“月虹”的奇景,这是地球上为数不多的能产生这种罕见景观的地方之一。
   angel falls
  venezuela
  to put angel falls-the world’s tallest waterfall, at 3,212 feet-into perspective, picture this: water drops from so high that winds whirl[(使)旋转] it into mist-a mist that reaches a mile-wide radius[半径]-before it can ever hit the ground. documented in bbc’s series planet earth, its location in the remote[偏僻的] jungle of southeastern venezuela is a top challenge for danger-seeking base jumpers注2.
   for those who want to see it without jumping into it, waku lodge offers modern rooms with views of the waterfall and organizes flyovers as well as hikes to the base, where travelers can swim in angel’s lagoon[泻湖].[论文网]
   天使瀑布
  (委内瑞拉)
  天使瀑布高达3212英尺(979米),是世界上最高的瀑布。要想象它的模样,你需要在脑海里这样构图:水从那么高的地方落下,以至于在它还未能落到地面之前,风就已经把它吹散成雾,散落到半径一英里的范围内。英国广播公司(bbc)的纪录片《行星地球》里就介绍过这道瀑布。它位于委内瑞拉东南部的边远丛林中,对追求惊险刺激的定点跳伞爱好者来说是一个终极挑战。至于那些既想一睹天使瀑布的风采、又不想跳进去的人,瓦库旅馆为其提供了能够欣赏到瀑布景观的现代化房间,也会组织一些去营地的短途飞行和远足,游客们还可以在天使瀑布的泻湖里游泳。
   huka falls
  new zealand
  one of the highlights of new zealand’s diverse scenery is its abundance[丰富] of waterfalls, and huka stands above the rest thanks to its technicolor[鲜艳的色彩] blue waters and location right near huka lodge. often cited as one of the world’s top hotels, it has hosted the likes of kate winslet and bill gates and is just a short walk from waikato river. not particularly tall (at only about 30 feet), the waterfall packs a ton of force, carrying an enormous[庞大的] amount of water from lake taupo through a narrow canyon, erupting[喷出] down the drop.

 胡卡瀑布
  (新西兰)
  新西兰丰富多变的风光的一大亮点,就是那里有很多瀑布。胡卡瀑布又以其梦幻般的湛蓝水色以及邻近胡卡旅馆的便利位置而引人瞩目。胡卡旅馆常常被认为是世界上最高级的宾馆,曾经接待过凯特·温斯莱特和比尔·盖茨等名人。它距离怀卡托河只有一小段路。胡卡瀑布并不是很高(大约只有30英尺,约合9米),却集中了一吨的水力。大量的湖水从陶波湖流经一道狭窄的峡谷,来到此处倾泻而下。
   jog falls
  india
  many travel to india for the taj mahal, ashrams[(印度的)高僧静修处], the beaches of goa-but

the country’s abundance of majestic waterfalls is a lesser known (but none the less wise) reason for going. most spectacular of them all is jog falls, boasting[以有……而自豪] four cascades[小瀑布,瀑布的一支] named after their distinct characteristics: the roarer, the queen, the rocket, and the king. it’s best to visit during monsoon[(印度等地的)雨季] season (august to december), when jog flows the strongest, and rainbows often arch above in the mist.
   焦格瀑布
  (印度)
  许多人到印度旅游是为了一睹泰姬陵、静修所和果阿海滩的风采——但前往印度还有一个鲜为人知(却又不失明智)的理由,那就是这个国家丰富而壮观的瀑布。其中最壮丽的要数焦格瀑布,其特别之处在于它的四道瀑布根据其独特的形态命名,分别叫咆哮者瀑布、皇后瀑布、火箭瀑布和国王瀑布。雨季(8到12月)是游览的最佳时间,这时焦格瀑布水流最强,在其上方的水雾中经常可以见到彩虹。
   iguazu falls
  brazil/argentina
  unlike such enormous waterfalls as victoria and niagara, iguazu is not a lengthy curtain but rather a canyon in the middle of the powerful iguazu river. its curved arrangement allows visitors to drink in[尽情地看] the scene all at once from land, rather than by helicopter.
   and what a scene it is: more than 270 falls shoot over the canyon in beautifully layered steps. the most impressive of the cataracts[大瀑布] is u-shaped devil’s throat, which marks the border between argentina and brazil.
   伊瓜苏瀑布
  (巴西/阿根廷)
  与维多利亚或尼亚加拉这些大型瀑布不同,伊瓜苏瀑布不是一道长帘状的瀑布,而更像是处于雄壮的伊瓜苏河中游的一个峡谷。它的曲线布局使游客不必乘坐直升飞机,在地面就可以饱览其美景。那是一幅何等壮观的景象:270多道瀑布从错落有致的各层飞泻入峡谷。最令人叹为观止的是呈u形的“魔鬼之喉”,它也是阿根廷和巴西的交界处。
   yosemite falls
  united states
  the highest waterfall in north america is so tall that the uppermost of its three tiers[层] is, at 1,430 feet, itself one of the world’s 20 highest falls.
   although it roars from november to july (and is at its strongest in may), in years of little snow, the falls may actually cease flowing in late summer or fall. there are countless other waterfalls to see within yosemite park, including the fantastic, lofty[高耸的] bridalveil at the valley’s entrance.
   约塞米蒂瀑布
  (美国)
  这个北美最高的瀑布确实高得惊人。它有三层分瀑,其中最高的一层高达1430英尺(435米),单是这一层就已经入选世界最高的20大瀑布。虽然它从11月一直咆哮至来年7月(5月的水力最强),但每逢下小雪的年份,它在夏末或秋季则完全停止流动。
   约塞米蒂公园内还有许多其他瀑布值得一游,其中包括位于山谷入口处那美丽高耸的布里达尔维尔瀑布(新娘面纱瀑布)。
  niagara falls
  united states/canada

  niagara is by far the biggest celebrity of all the big waterfalls. and there’s reason for it: niagara actually consists of three waterfalls-horseshoe falls in ontario, canada, and on the other side of goat island, american falls and bridal veil falls in new york-which together pack a width of 3,300 feet. although they’re relatively not too high (167 feet), their hydro-[水,流体] force is so immense[极大的] that niagara is the biggest electricity producer in new york state.
   尼亚加拉大瀑布
  (美国/加拿大)
  尼亚加拉大瀑布是迄今最为著名的大瀑布,这也是恰如其分的:尼亚加拉大瀑布实际上由三个瀑布组成,分别是加拿大安大略省的马蹄瀑布、山羊岛另一边的美国瀑布以及纽约的新娘面纱瀑布。这三个瀑布合起来宽达3300英尺(1005米)。虽然它们并不是太高(167英尺,约合51米),但其水力十分巨大,足以使尼亚加拉大瀑布成为纽约州最大的发电动力。
   plitvice
  croatia
  the many waterfalls in plitvice lakes national park are not known for the height of their drops or t

he roar of their waters-the largest fall, named big waterfall, plunges only 250 feet-but rather their other-worldly[超脱尘世的], mythic[神话的] setting. covering nearly 50 acres, the world heritage site is divided between 12 upper lakes and 4 lower ones, with dozens of cascading waterfalls linking the two. wooden footbridges transport visitors all around and across the water, distinctive for its changing shades of vibrant[(颜色)鲜艳悦目的] green, blue, gray, and turquoise[绿松石的颜色].
   普里特维察
  (克罗地亚)
  普里特维察湖国家公园(又称十六湖国家公园)的瀑布并不是以其落差的高度或水力的强大而闻名,比如其最大的瀑布——大瀑布就仅有250英尺(76米)高。使其闻名于世的是那里超脱尘世的神秘环境。这个世界遗产的面积接近50英亩(20公顷),其中12个湖位于高处,4个位于低处,上下两处由数十道小瀑布连接起来。公园里铺有木桥,让游客可以穿梭其中,流连水上——这里的水以不断变换的绿、蓝、灰、湖蓝等等绚丽色彩而著称。
   detian falls
  china/vietnam
  showcasing a classic asian landscape of cliffs that rise above rice paddies[稻,谷], these falls produce a silky mist as they flow into the guichun river. the detian falls are in the southwestern chinese province of guangxi, bordering vietnam. june and july may be the most humid[湿润的] time of year to travel here, but it’s when the river is at its most dramatically rapid.
   德天瀑布
  (中国/越南)
  德天瀑布向人们展示了这样一幅古典的亚洲风景画:悬崖耸立在稻田上,德天瀑布流入归春河,幻化出一层丝绸般的薄雾。德天瀑布位于中国西南部的广西壮族自治区与越南的交界。6月到7月可能是此地一年当中最潮湿的时节,不过此时归春河的流速最快,最宜赏景。
   注释
  注1:月虹即在月光下出现的彩虹,由于是由月照所产生的虹,故通常只见于夜晚。且因为月照亮度较小的关系,月虹通常较为朦胧,一般出现于月亮反方向的天空。月虹的出现需各种天气因素的配合,是非常罕见的自然现象。
   注2:“base-jumping”又称“极限跳伞运动”或“低空跳伞运动”,俗称“背死跳”,是指从高处跳下,用降落伞着地的一种行为。摩天大楼、天线高塔、大桥水坝和悬崖溶洞是适合展开这项运动的地点,它们的英文首字母合起来正好就是base(building、antenna、span、earth),由此得名。
   know more
  也许你不是瀑布发烧友,但如果你也想一睹这些瀑布的风采,一定要牢记以下几点哦:
  很多瀑布都有季节性。在干旱季节,即使是海啸般澎湃的瀑布也会变得像水龙头那样微弱。
  一些瀑布会因为水坝或水力发电的需要而设有开关时间,就像水龙头一样。例如位于挪威西南部的马尔达尔斯瀑布(mardalsfossen)只在旅游季节(6月20日至8月20日)流动。
   根据水量的多少,瀑布被分为10级。瀑布当中的“巨无霸”当属尼亚加拉大瀑布和伊瓜苏瀑布,它们都达到10级。
  当达到最大水量时,一些瀑布会被自身产生的水雾遮住。例如在雨季,维多利亚瀑布经常被一层“水衣”遮蔽。
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