architecture

as an integrated whole, landscape is realized under a certain economy conditions. it should meet the need of the society, coincide with the rule of nature, follow the principle of ecology, and as the same time, it also belongs to the category of art. if landscape works have lasting vitality, they must be those which can balance these factors. they are closely linked with the times soul, absorb the historical spirit, but not imitate the existing style. they accord with the principle of science, and reflect the demands of society, the development of technology, the new ideas of aesthetics and tendency of values.

in today's social life of people, in fact, difficult to judge the value of today's works, after all, from us the more recent things, the more difficult it will determine which is sustained brilliance, and what are only the short-term guoyanyunyan fashion. we have enthusiastic about the many ideas, it seems very one-sided, and some people have to stay away from the eye works, has undergone the test of time, but flashing a lovely light. although it is difficult to fully and objectively analyze the development trend of landscape design, but in the past, modern or future, every designer in the process of practice can not be avoided some of the most basic issues, the treatment of these issues with the attitude, different times depending on the context of landscape designer of the concept and ideas, will determine the performance of the works form, thereby affecting the vitality of the works.

traditional and modern

almost every designer had been the face of the relationship between traditional and modern confusion. early modernism tends to be more antagonism between the two, but today, more and more people are aware of the inevitable link between the two. and cultural transformation, development and change the landscape, but also in the past accompanied by the denial of inheritance and carried out in a new form of a landscape, always on the garden and its history is inextricably linked to culture . any designers are in certain social soil to grow up, even if their billed as the most avant-garde designer, can not evade their works in the sediments of a specific culture traces.however, the value of traditional values, is not to ignore the social progress and the development of technology, blindly imitating the past. the best imitation can only have a fake, not authentic. good design is not the traditional shallow imitation, but rather a long garden where traditional and modern life needs and aesthetic value of a good combination, and on this basis to increase refining works. this is all outstanding contemporary works in the landscape can be deeply appreciate. these works, no matter how modern form, we have a little taste, is easy to see that they are the traditional transmission of information.
citroen park in paris (parc andrē-citroën, 1992 for completion, g. clement, p. berger, a. provost, jp viguier, jf jodry design), the atlantic ocean park (le jardin atlantique, 1994 completed, franois brun, michel péan design) layout of the plane and the 17th century le notre (andre le ntre) of the garden a considerable number of links. even from la villette park (parc de la villette, 1991 for completion, bernard tschumi designed) so hung deconstruction label inthe works, can also see the impact of the traditional french garden. - profile flower bed garden is a traditional western elements, today, in the hands of different designers, after re-interpretation of modern design practices, can have completely different version.kempinski hotel airport munich garden (garden of kempinski hotel, 1993 completed, peter walker design), the classical garden flower bed with the minimalist design re-mix composition, created a green, pleasant venues. utrecht, the netherlands vsb headquarters garden (1995 built, adriaan geuze design), the 200-meter-long red ribbon cyclovirobuxine lei of rubble and form a narrow strip of ground subsidence of the garden. yake bo ya weici plaza, new york (jacob javits, 1996 built, martha schwartz design) to the french baroque garden flower bed for the creation of the prototype, benches and grass qiu, street lights, shop, railings and other elements of the unexpected way combination, by a simple form of access to a wealth of the square space.in these works, landscape designers in the past not to pursue the form of copy, but the history of the garden will be the spirit of cultural absorption over, they converted to adapt to new conditions on the appropriate means of expression. these landscapes are a product of society today, modern science and technology and thinking, modern art, gardening and the level of people's way of life in the environment are fully displayed. only those who represent the cultural essence of the contemporary era works, it has a lasting charm and vitality.
will combine traditional and modern another layer of meaning lies in the fact that the new landscape design should not only show the contemporary social needs and protect their re-creation of a city or historical value of the lot is also playing an increasingly important role. bali bei seoul park (parc berce, 1997 for completion, bernard huet, marylène ferrand, jean-pierre feugas, bernard le roy, ian le caisne, philippe raguin, such as design), retained the original brewery on the site of the argyle street area network consisting of grid system, wine cellar and 500 old trees, and other traces of history, and these historical information and modern design elements superimposed coincidence,a historical and practical dialogue. park awareness of past life memory, so that this regional development of the city's historical continuity. venice fretto plaza (plaza feretto, 2000 built, guido zordan design) through the fine stone pavement, rich ground elevation changes, and the square surrounding the church and cultural center, shops and houses new and old building of a harmonious relations, and maintain the standard of the old city centre, then a change in plastic rich and full of human touch of the italian tradition of urban space.

and social landscape

the visual and social development is closely linked to the development. the political, economic and cultural development of the situation on the landscape have a profound impact. looking back at history, is the industrial revolution brought about by social progress, so that the content and form of landscape has undergone enormous changes, prompted the formation of the modern landscape. socio-economic development, social progress and cultural awareness, and promote the development of the landscape and ever-expanding field of design. serious energy crisis and environmental pollution without restraint for the production and way of life is a heavy blow to people's living environment of their own growing sense of crisis, and therefore become a universal awareness of environmental protection.the adjustment of industrial structure and social changes, making completely different from the traditional sense of the industrial park after the landscape emerging…… social development is changing the face of today's landscape design, landscape development of social factors is the most deep-seated reasons.
landscape of social significance is that the landscape should also must meet the social and human needs. today, the landscape to people involved in all aspects of life, the modern landscape to the use of, this is the function of the target. although for a variety of purposes of design, landscape design but ultimately related to the use of human beings in order to create outdoor venues. for ordinary people to provide practical, comfortable, well-designed landscape designer should be pursued by the state. this is, the nordic countries and germany have been the designer of the world set an example, where the social landscape is the first one, the needs of daily life is an important landscape design starting point, the designer of comfort and always apply the pursuit of first place, not the pursuit of design in the form of surface, not the pursuit of avant-garde, the elite of the visual impact and effect, but rather focus on the pursuit of intrinsic value and use features. such functional, simple style of landscape design should win people's respect.

in turn, the social landscape may have more than a positive role in the history of any period. today, the landscape designer of the site facing the growing number of those who seem worthless waste, garbage dump or any other human being and lives destroyed the region, which our predecessors of the situation is entirely different, have more chance to choose those with good potential plots, with gardeners value of the land, the icing on the cake, the so-called "phase in appropriate and decent garden structure." today, however, the landscape designer is more in the treatment of scar city, with urban landscape the way repair the skin, promoting urban various systems of healthy development. in this process, the first need is not created, but to solve various problems. this landscape of the positive significance lies not in what it has created the forms and landscapes, but in its positive role in social development.

the landscape construction, can stimulate and improve the social aspects of development and progress. germany's ruhr area international architecture exhibition park homes promising (iba emscher park, 1992 started the construction) is a good example. promising homes river region was an important industrial base in germany, since the 1960s, as major industries, coal and iron ore mining, has been the point of no return towards decline, the closure of a large number of very good quality of construction no longer use, population reduce, hundreds of thousands of jobs lost. economic, social and environmental issues to the local government for the rehabilitation to take effective measures, namely the construction of the international architecture exhibition park homes promising, this massive project involves 800 square kilometers of area, 17 cities, 2.5 million population, which includes rivers the ecological regeneration,regional natural landscape restoration, green parks, residential areas, science and technology, business center construction, ecological environment improvement, the original construction industry training and re-use. decades, the international architecture exhibition park homes promising the construction effective in improving the region's ecological environment, stimulate urban economic and social development, and qiaomiaodijiang the old industrial area into a public leisure and entertainment establishments, not only as far as possible to retain the original industrial facilities, as a regional historical continuity and effective conservation of resources, but also to create a unique industrial landscape. the environment and ecology of training works, to some extent, solve the industry in this region due to the decline and the environment, employment, housing and economic development, and many other aspects of the problem, giving the old industrial base with new vigor, the rest of the world the transformation of old industrial areas has set a good example.

the landscape construction and economic development should be a benign interaction, in fact building in the landscape today is also part of socio-economic activities. promote the economic development of the visual development, in turn, the landscape is also promoting the socio-economic prosperity. bali bei seoul park for the construction of the development of the surrounding areas to create a good ecological environment interaction and leisure venues. while maintaining the region's historical characteristics, enhance the value of land and the region's competitiveness. many areas of economic development through the landscape for the construction of the pilot, the first visual environment, a further business, towns and utilities, some large-scale expositions, sports event will be held, often in urban areas or the development of backward areas revitalization and development opportunities. the venue and the park's reasonable planning, especially after the region's development blueprint for the expo or sports event is an important guarantee for success.generally speaking, each time after the end of the expo, most of the exhibition hall, exhibition park were removed, the left is a skeleton of the landscape have a good future urban district. the exhibition is temporary, regional development is permanent. 1992 completed the dutch horticultural exposition park for the development of cities and towns zoetermeer laid a solid foundation, today, the original garden expo has become the town's leisure park, some regional or natural forest areas into wilderness, in some areas as nature conservation, and parks the core regions, namely, the original exhibition area has become a residential area. park for the construction of zoetermeer region of the far-reaching implications. hanover world expo 2000 "transform garden" (grten in wandel, 2000 completed, kamel louafi design) to the exhibition after the end of the economic and time considerations into the "evolution will replace the maintenance of parks," park will become the future new public space and urban centres.

landscape and art

beyond doubt, landscape design is an art. it and other art forms, have a causal link. modern landscape design from the very beginning, from the lessons of modern art in the form of a rich language. to find expression for the current science, technology and human awareness activities in the form of words and designers, art provides the most direct undoubtedly the most abundant source. modern art from the early cubism, surrealism, style camp, constitute, and later to the minimalist art, pop art, every kind of artistic ideas and art forms are provided for landscape designers can draw on the art of thinking and form of language. today, the concept of art have taken place in a large change, "the united states" is no longer the purpose of art and the art of evaluation standards.art forms, endless, pure art and other disciplines of the arts increasingly blurred the line between, artists learn from the film, television, drama, music, architecture, landscape and other creative tactics, such as the creation of the media arts, performance art, art optical effects, land art, and so on a series of new art forms, which in turn gave the other arts industry practitioners to great inspiration.
because of its painting lines, and blocks of color seem to be easily translated into the design of some elements of the floor plan, which has been affecting the development of landscape design, innovative landscape designers have access to modern painting in a lot of inspiration. carrasquel square, amsterdam, the netherlands (carrascoplein, 1998 completed, adriaan geuze design), to grass, asphalt pavement and the white dots on the array of elements on the ground designed a two-dimensional super-realism of the screen, with the singular scene of light, sound and movement of trains, so that this space is a surrealistic mysterious atmosphere.
in pursuit of minimalist style of the american designer known for peter walker, in his works on the basis of modern and contemporary art lessons nutrition, both avant-garde novel, yet elegant and generous. in bailinsuoni centre (sony center, 2000 completed, peter walker design), the wealth of indoor and outdoor space for transformation and change is the mysterious landscape designer with a simple plant cultivation and a number of industrial materials such as stainless steel and glass in a simple, repetitive in the form of the mold. walker and the many works, not only here-in lighting and played the lead role, but also as an art form there. this can be seen clearly in the works of contemporary art such as the minimalist art, art-effects of the impact.

in the second half of the 20th century, the landscape changes and development in the form of the most influential art forms, perhaps the "land art." land art will be because of the natural environment as a creative place, the use of large-scale, abstract forms and natural materials, and landscape works increasingly close and thus become a landscape designer from the many forms of language, at the same time, artists have also set foot in the area of landscape design, many works are often landscape division and complete cooperation of artists, this is more of the landscape and promoting the art of sculpture both integration and development, which is now many of the works of landscape design also be considered works of art reasons.germany saarbruecken port island park (bürgpark hafeninsel, 1989 for completion, peter latz design) in world war ii were destroyed in the coal transport on the construction of the terminal, designers used on the site of the ruins of rubble, in the park construction of a large grid network, as the park's skeleton, in order to arouse people's history of the 19th century urban landscape fragments memories. in the bushes in the barren, with rubble piled out of simple geometric shapes, these are some people think of artists such as richard long and robert smithson's earth works of art.

land art of landscape design is an important impact on the arts has brought the concept design of terrain. netherlands zoetermeer horticulture expo garden in the triangular series conical shape of the terrain is no doubt from the earth to seek inspiration in the arts. international architecture exhibition in germany promising homes in the park, under the old industrial legacy of the many great waste dump are retained, as the earth works of art, or as an industrial look at the monument. international architecture exhibition in the park homes promising an integral part of the north star park (nordstern, 1997 completed, wedig pridik, andreas freese, such as design), the scrap heap original mine was repaired for the neat rows of the pyramid-shaped, and was to review the plant to form the visual focus of attention.
modern art's thinking and expressions of landscape design have far-reaching impact, making the landscape design ideas and means to enrich. and the difference is pure art, landscape design face a more complicated social problems and the use of the challenge, landscape designers can not ignore these and immersed in the art world of their own. but since we can understand "the united states" is no longer judge the arts standards, we should be able to understand landscape is no longer means "the picturesque," can become a landscape art thinking of the carrier, it can show a variety of forms, we also can give some of us do not understand the landscape works of a more tolerant.